Native roadside perennial grasses persist a decade after planting in the Sacramento Valley

negatively affected by disturbance. meadow barley (Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski) (Hickman 1993). Purple needlegrass, blue wildrye, bluegrass and California melic are droughttolerant species that typically occupy well-drained upland sites. In contrast, creeping wildrye and meadow barley are less drought-tolerant and typically grow in the moist soils of seeps, streams and wetland margins (Walker 1992; Hickman 1993). Creeping wildrye and meadow barley are also flood-tolerant. California annual exotic grasslands are largely composed of the species Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), soft chess (Bromus hordeaceus L.), ripgut grass (Bromus diandrus Roth), wild oat (Avena fatua L.), medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae [L.] Nevski) and foxtail barley (Hordeum murinum L.). Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) and broadleaf filaree (Erodium botrys [Cav.] Bertol.) form a large component of the associated invasive annual broadleaf biomass (Heady et al. 1992; Lulow 2004; Pitcairn et al. 2006). Except for yellow starthistle, all of these invasive species complete their life cycles by the time soils become dry in the summer